Rasch analysis of a Spanish language-screening parent survey

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and refine items from a parent survey designed to screen the language skills of Spanish-speaking preschoolers. This investigation applied Rasch modeling to systematically evaluate and identify items that demonstrated favorable qualities.A set of 124 parent survey items was administered to 107 Spanish-speaking parents of preschool age children. Parents completed survey items intended to provide a global measure of preschool language abilities. Rasch analyses of the survey items were conducted using WINSTEPS.Results indicated that 59 items, all vocabulary items, fit the Rasch model. Sufficient unidimensionality was obtained, with the model accounting for 58% of the variance. Item difficulty estimates ranged from −7.43 to 4.12, with a shortage of items at both the lower ability level and at the higher ability level. Analyses of pruned and remaining items identified the type of items that may be most useful for a refined item bank. These results will inform the development of new items for a Spanish language-screening parent survey for preschool age children.     

Correlations among Helicobacter pylori infection and the expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia

Background and Aims: To examine the rate of Helicobacter pylori infection and the expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia, and explore their correlations in precancerous gastric lesions. Methods: A total of 172 patients were included in the study. H. pylori infection was evaluated by hematoxylin–eosin and modified Giemsa staining. The expression of COX‐2 and VEGF proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: The rates of H. pylori infection in gastric mucosal dysplasia (DYS), intestinal metaplasia in gastric mucosa (IM), chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and chronic superficial gastritis (CSG) patients were significant differences (P = 0.001). The average optical density (AOD) values of COX‐2 staining in CSG, CAG, IM and DYS patients were 13.81 ± 5.53, 45.28 ± 21.44, 73.67 ± 26.02 and 91.23 ± 45.11, respectively, with significant differences among CSG, CAG and IM patients (P = 0.037, 0.001 and 0.047 for CSG vs CAG, CSG vs IM and CAG vs IM, respectively). The expression level of VEGF in DYS patients was significantly higher than those in other patients (P = 0.001, 0.001 and 0.001 for DYS vs CSG, DYS vs CAG and DYS vs IM, respectively). The expression levels of COX‐2 in H. pylori‐positive IM, CAG and DYS patients were significantly higher than those in H. pylori‐negative counterparts (P = 0.043, 0.009, 0.001, respectively). Additionally, the expression level of COX‐2 was positively correlated with that of VEGF with the aggravation of gastric mucosal lesions (r = 0.640, P = 0.006). Conclusion: H. pylori infection might be able to induce the expression of COX‐2 in precancerous gastric lesions, which in turn upregulates the expression of VEGF.     

弱视眼的视网膜厚度分析

目的探讨弱视眼是否存在视网膜形态学改变。方法从门诊患儿中搜集弱视眼22例(30只眼)、正常对照眼19例(30只眼),利用相干光断层扫描技术(OCT)对被检眼的黄斑区进行快速扫描,测量黄斑中心凹、中心区(1 mm直径范围)及旁中心区(直径为3 mm环形区域内)四象限的平均视网膜厚度,比较不同区域视网膜厚度之间的差别。结果弱视眼与正常对照眼的黄斑中心凹、中心区视网膜厚度比较,差异有统计学意义。黄斑旁中心区上方、下方、鼻侧及颞侧视网膜厚度,两组差异均无显著性。结论弱视眼黄斑中心凹、中心区视网膜增厚,这种改变可能与弱视的发病机制有关。     

危险药物职业暴露对医务人员的危害及其防护措施

目的制定防护措施,减少危险药物的暴露风险。方法通过文献,查找危险药物暴露对职业接触的医务人员健康危害的依据,呼吁政府部门和医院领导,加强对危险药物暴露的管理,科学设置配药场所,建立教育和培训制度,采取有效防护措施,确保职业性接触危险药物的医务人员身体健康。结果国内许多医院建立了静脉药物配置中心,由受过培训的专业人员,严格按照操作程序进行抗肿瘤等危险药物的配置,减少了危险药物暴露的机会。结论我国的医务人员化疗防护培训严重不足,防范意识薄弱,应引起有关部门和医院领导的高度重视,制定并落实有效的防护措施,确保医务人员的职业安全。     

威布尔分布拟合法预测人参皂苷Rh_2静脉注射亚微乳的化学稳定性

目的:研究人参皂苷Rh2静脉注射亚微乳(Rh2-SME)的化学稳定性,并预测其有效期。方法:采用高效液相色谱法测定乳剂中人参皂苷Rh2的含量,分别采用威布尔分布拟合法和经典恒温法处理恒温加速试验数据来预测其有效期,通过对长期试验数据进行统计分析估算其有效期。结果:威布尔分布拟合法预测的有效期与长期试验数据经统计分析估算的有效期较为接近,分别为29.58个月和30.44个月,经典恒温法预测的有效期为40.94个月,与长期试验结果有较大的误差。结论:威布尔分布拟合法与经典恒温法相比,更加适合微粒分散体系Rh2-SME化学稳定性的预测。     

青岛地区高尿酸血症患者的肠道菌群分析

目的 观察青岛地区高尿酸血症患者肠道菌群的变化及菌群对尿酸处理能力的相关性分析.方法 收集2013年1月至2013年6月在本院内分泌门诊就诊的高尿酸血症患者30例（男28例,女2例）及同期在健康查体中心查体的健康对照组粪便标本20例（男16例,女4例）.应用细菌培养方法进行粪便菌群分析,运用酶比色法检测不同组粪便中细菌分解前后尿酸含量变化,磷钨酸法检测血尿酸水平.结果 高尿酸血症患者肠道菌群发生变化,表现为总需氧菌（7.76 ±0.67,P＜0.05）、大肠杆菌（7.58 ±0.34,P＜0.05）及拟杆菌（2.75 ±0.31,P＜0.05）增加,乳酸杆菌（2.69±1.48,P＜0.05）及双歧杆菌（5.38 ±0.34,P＜0.05）数目减少.血及粪便中尿酸含量升高（P＜0.05）,粪便菌群尿酸处理能力与健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.粪便菌群尿酸分解活性主要与乳酸杆菌及双歧杆菌含量呈正相关（r =0.565,0.328,P＜0.05）.结论 青岛地区高尿酸血症患者肠道菌群存在失调现象,粪便菌群尿酸处理能力与乳酸杆菌及双歧杆菌含量有关.菌群失调可能参与高尿酸血症的发病过程.     

胃癌组织中粘蛋白1和基质金属蛋白酶9的表达与临床病理特征的关系

目的探讨胃癌组织中粘蛋白1（MUC1）和基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP-9）的表达与临床病理特征的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法检测r52例胃癌组织、31例良性胃溃疡组织中MUC1和MMP-9的表达。结果MUC1和MMP-9在胃癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为63．46％、76．92％,在良性胃溃疡组织中均无表达。MUC1和MMP-9在胃癌组织中的表达与组织学分级、临床分期、有无淋巴结转移密切相关。结论MUC1和MMP-9在胃癌组织中高表达与胃癌的侵袭性行为有关,有可能成为判断胃癌预后的标志物及基因治疗的潜在靶点。     

多发性骨髓瘤病人血清游离轻链检测的临床意义

目的探讨血清游离轻链（sFLC）在多发性骨髓瘤（MM）病人诊断、疗效判断中的临床意义。方法应用免疫散射比浊法,测定40例初诊MM病人、30例正常对照及30例IgG型MM病人化疗后不同疾病阶段的sFLC水平。结果初诊MM病人的sFLC水平较正常对照明显异常（t=18.69、18.09,P〈0.01）。IgG型MM病人化疗3个疗程后随着疗效的提高,sFLC浓度逐渐降低（F=558.39、766.59,P〈0.01）。结论应用免疫比浊法测定sFLC对MM诊断和疗效判断有重要价值。     

乳腺癌中LRP、GST-π、TOPOⅡ的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨乳腺癌中LRP、GST-π、TOPOⅡ的表达及临床意义，以期为选择化疗方案提供参考，获得更有效的化疗效果。方法应用免疫组化SABC法，对80例乳腺癌的主要耐药指标LRP、GST-π、TOPOⅡ进行检测，并结合临床分期进行研究。结果乳腺癌中LRP表达率为80．00％(64／80)，临床Ⅱ、Ⅲ期表达率显著高于1期，GST-π表达率为65．00％(52／80)，临床Ⅲ期表达率显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期。TOPOⅡ表达率为55．00％(44／80)，临床Ⅲ期表达率显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期。LRP与GST-π间有明显相关性，说明它们对肿瘤耐药起作用具有一定的协同性。LRP、GST-π与TOPOⅡ间无明显相关性，说明它们各自的表达从不同方面对肿瘤耐药起作用。结论乳腺癌联合检测LRP、GST-π、TOPOⅡ对化疗药物的选择具有指导作用，对预后的判断有参考价值。     

损毁大鼠下丘脑室旁核后AVP和ANP的关系

目的借助立体定向技术尝试建立因下丘脑室旁核损伤引起的中枢性尿崩症动物模型.在此基础上探讨下丘脑室旁核调节水钠代谢的机制.方法SD大鼠在立体定向仪引导下,试验组向下丘脑室旁核(PVN)注射海人藻酸,以达到损毁目的;对照组则注射人工脑脊液,取血检测血管加压素(AVP)和心钠素(ANP)水平.对比分析尿量,研究PVN损伤后AVP和ANP在体内的变化.结果下丘脑PVN损毁后试验组大鼠尿量为(1.26±0.34)ml,明显多于对照组(0.78±0.16)ml;检测血浆AVP和ANP含量分别为:试验组(3.91±0.48)pg/ml、(332±27.48)pg/ml:对照组(8.05±0.78)pg/ml、(291±31.66)pg/ml.结论下丘脑PVN损毁后血浆AVP水平降低,而ANP水平反而升高,该结果可能是下丘脑损伤后机体水钠代谢紊乱的深层原因,即具体表现为肾脏排水排钠增加.